¦b¤G¤Q¥@¬ö¶}©l¡A¬ì¾Ç®a¬Û«H¥L̤F¸Ñ³Ì°ò¥»ªº¦ÛµMªk«h¡Aì¤l¬O¦ÛµMªº©TÅéºc¦¨n¯À¡F¤H̬۫H¤û¹y¹B°Ê©w«ß¡A¤j³¡¤Àªºª«²z°ÝÃD¬Ý¦ü¸Ñ¨M¤F¡AµM¦Ó¡A±q·R¦]´µ©Zªº¬Û¹ï½×¨ú¥N¤û¹y¤O¾Ç¶}©l¡A¬ì¾Ç®aº¥º¥¤F¸Ñ¨ì¥L̪º©Òª¾ÁÙ¥¼¿²§¹¾ã¡A
Of particular interest was the¶q¤l¤O¾Ç»â°ìªºµo®i¡A¥¦§¹¥þ§ïÅܤF°ò¥»ª«²zªk«h¡C
1900 | ®ú®Ô§J(Max Planck)´£¥X¿ç®g¬O¶q¤l¤Æªº(¤£³sÄòªº¶q)¡C |
1905 | ·R¦]´µ©Z(Albert Einstein)¤Ö¼Æ±µ¨ü®ú®Ô§J¬Ûªkªº¬ì¾Ç®a¤§¤@¡A´£¥X¥úªº¶q¤l(¥ú¤l)¡A¨ä¦æ¬°Ãþ¦ü²É¤l¡A·R¦]´µ©Zªº¨ä¥L²z½×»¡©ú¤F½è¶q©M¯à¶q¬Ûµ¥¡A¥ú¤lªº²É¤l-ªi°Ê¤G¤¸½×¡A¬Ûµ¥³W«h©M¯S®í¬Û¹ï½×¡C |
1909 | »\²(Hans Geiger)©M°¨´µ¹y(Ernest Marsden)¡A¦b©Ô¶ëºÖ(Ernest Rutherford)ªººÊ·þ¤§¤U¡A´²®g£\²É¤l¨ìª÷ºä¨Ã¥BÆ[¹î¨ì¤j¨¤«×ªº´²®g¡A´£¥X¤Fì¤l¦³«Ü¤p¡B±K«×¤j¥B±a¥¿¹qªº®Ö¡C |
1911 | ©Ô¶ëºÖ(Ernest Rutherford)±À´úì¤l®Ö¬°»\²©M°¨´µ¹y©Ò°µªº£\´²®g¹êÅ窺µ²ªG¡C |
1912 | ·R¦]´µ©Z(Albert Einstein)»¡©ú®É-ªÅªº§á¦±¡C |
1913 | ªi¦Õ(Niels Bohr)¦¨¥\ªº®Ú¾Ú¶q¤l°ò¦«Ø¥ßì¤lµ²ºc²z½×¡C |
1919 | ©Ô¶ëºÖ(Ernest Rutherford)§ä¨ì½è¤lªº²Ä¤@Óµý¾Ú¡C |
1921 | ¬d¹ï§J(James Chadwick)©M«ô°Ç(E.S. Bieler) ±ÀÂ_¦³¤@¨Ç«Ü±jªº¤O±Nì¤l®Öµ²¦X¦b¤@°_¡C |
1923 | ±d´¶¹y(Arthur Compton)µo²{x¥úªº¶q¤l(²É¤l)©Ê½è¡A¦]¦¹½T©w¥ú¤l¬°²É¤l¡C |
1924 | ¼w¥¬Ã¹¨Ì(Louis de Broglie)±À´úª«½è¦³ªi°Ê©Ê¡C |
1925 (Jan) | ©´§Q(Wolfgang Pauli)©ú½T³¯zì¤l¤¤¹q¤lªº¤£¬Û®eì²z¡C |
1925 (April) | ¤Ú´µ(Walther Bothe)©M»\²(Hans Geiger)½×µý¦bì¤l¹Lµ{¤¤½è¯à¦uùÚ¡C |
1926 | Á§¤B®æ(Erwin Schroedinger)µo®iªi°Ê¤O¾Ç¡A´yz¬Á¦â¤l¦b¶q¤l¨t²Îªº¦æ¬°¡C ªi¦Õ(Max Born)´£¥X¶q¤l¤O¾Çªº¥i¯à©Ê»¡©ú¡C ¸ô©ö´µ(G.N. Lewis)´£¥X¥ú¶q¤lªº¦WºÙ"¥ú¤l"¡C |
1927 | ¦³¨Çª«½è¤wÆ[¹î¨ì·|µo®g¹q¤l(£]°IÅÜ)¡A¦]¬°ì¤l©Mì¤l®Ö³£¦³¤£³sÄòªº¯à¶¥¡A©Ò¥HÃø¥HÆ[¹î¨ì¹q¤l¦b¹L´ç®É´Á²£¥Í®É·|¦³³sÄò¥úÃÐ(¬Ý1930¦~§äµª®×)¡C |
1927 | ®ü´Ë³ù(Werner Heisenberg)³¯z´ú¤£·Çì²z¡G§A¹ï²É¤l¯à¶qª¾¹D±o¶V¦h¡A§A¹ï¯à¶q§@¥Îªº®É¶¡©Òª¾´N¶V¤Ö(¤Ï¤§¥çµM)¡A¬Û¦Pªº´ú¤£·Ç¤]À³¥Î¨ì°Ê¶q©M¦ì¸m¤W¡C |
1928 | ¼w·ç§J(Paul Dirac)µ²¦X¶q¤l¤O¾Ç»P¯S®í¬Û¹ï½×¨Ó´yz¹q¤l¡C |
1930 | ¶q¤l¤O¾Ç©M¯S®í¬Û¹ï½×¤w«Ø¥ß¤F¡A¤@¦@¥u¦³¤TºØ°ò¥»²É¤l¡G½è¤l¡B¹q¤l©M¥ú¤l¡C ªi¦Õ(Max Born)¾Ç²ß¤F¼w·ç§J¤èµ{¦¡¤§«á¡A»¡"§Ú̩Ҫ¾ªºª«²z·|¦b¤»Ó¤ë¤ºµ²§ô"¡C |
1930 | ©´§Q(Wolfgang Pauli)´£¥X¤¤¤l¸ÑÄÀ£]°IÅܪº³sÄò¹q¤l¥úÃСC |
1931 | ¼w·ç§J(Paul Dirac)¤F¸Ñ¨ì¥Lªº¤èµ{¦¡¤¤©Ò»Ýnªº±a¥¿¹q²É¤l¬O·sª«½è(¥L¥s¥¦Ì¬°"¥¿¤l")¡A¥¦Ì«Ü¹³¹q¤l¡A¦ý±a¥¿¹q¡A³o¬O¤Ï²É¤lªº¥ý¨Ò¡C |
1931 | ¬d¹ï§J(James Chadwick)µo²{¤¤¤l¡A ì¤l®Ö§ô¿£ªº¾÷¨î¤Î°IÅܦ¨°ò¥»ªº°ÝÃD¡C |
1933-34 | ¶O¦Ì(Enrico Fermi)´£¥X£]°IÅܪº²z½×¡A¨ä¤¶²Ð®z§@¥Î¤O¡A³o¬O²Ä¤@Ó²M·¡»¡©ú¨Ï¥Î¤¤¤l©M²É¤l¨ý¹D§ïÅܪº²z½×¡C |
1933-34 | ´ö¤t¨q¾ð(Hideki Yukawa)µ²¦X¬Û¹ï½×©M¶q¤l²z½×¥H½è¤l©M¤¤¤l¶¡·s²É¤lªº¥æ´«(¤¶¤l¥s"£k¤¶¤l")´yzì¤l®Öªº¥æ¤¬§@¥Î¡A´ö¤t¨q¾ð±À´ú²É¤lªº½è¶q(¤¶¤l)¤j¬ù¬O¹q¤l½è¶qªº200¿¡A³o¬Oì¤l®Ö¤O¤¶¤l²z½×ªº¶}ºÝ¡C |
1937 | ½è¶q¬°¹q¤l200¿ªº²É¤l¦b¦t©z®g½u¤¤³Qµo²{¡A¨º®Éª«²z¾Ç®a³Ì¥ý·Q¨ìªº¬O¡A¥¦´N¬O´ö¤t¨q¾ðªº£k¤¶¤l¡A«á¨Ó¤~µo²{¥¦¬O£g¤¶¤l¡C |
1938 | ¥v¦h§J§B(E.C.G. Stuckelberg)Æ[¹î½è¤l©M¤¤¤l¤£·|°IÅܦ¨¥ô¦ó¹q¤l¡B·L¤¤¤l¡B£g¤¶¤l©Î¥¦Ìªº¤Ï²É¤lªº²Õ¦X¡A½è¤lªºÃ©w¤£¯à¥H¯à¶q©Î¹q²ü¦uùÚ¨Ó»¡©ú¡F¥L´£¥X«²É¤l¬O¿W¥ß¦uùÚªº¡C |
1941 | ²ö°Ç(C. Moller)©M°ö´µ(Abraham Pais)¤¶²Ð"®Ö¤l"³oÓµü¬°½è¤l©M¤¤¤lªºÁ`ºÙ¡C |
1946-47 | ª«²z¾Ç®a»{ÃѨì¦t©z®g½u²É¤l³Q»~»{¬°¬O´ö¤t¨q¾ðªº¤¶¤l¨ä¹ê¬O£g¤¶¤l¡A¨ä¬°ª«½è²É¤l²Ä¤G¥@¥N¤¤³Ì¥ý³Qµo²{ªº¡A³oÓµo²{§¹¥þ¬O¥X¥G·N®Æ¤§¥~ --ù¤ñ (I.I. Rabi) ´N»¡"½ÖÂIªº¡H"¡A¤Þ¶i"»´¤l"³oÓ¦Wµü¨Ó´yz§@¥Î¤£¤Ó±j¯Pªºª«½è (¹q¤l©M£g¤¶¤l³£¬O»´¤l)¡C |
1947 | ¦b¦t©z®g½u¤¤µo²{¥æ¤¬§@¥Î±j¯Pªº¤¶¤l¡A½T©w¬O£k¤¶¤l¡C |
1947 | ª«²z¾Ç®aµo®i¥Xpºâ¹q¤l¡B¥¿¤l©M¥ú¤l¹qºÏ©Ê½èªº¨BÆJ¡C¶O¦]°Ò¹Ïªº¤¶²Ð¡C |
1948 | ¬f§JµÜ¦P¨B°j±Û¥[³t¾¹»s³y¥X²Ä¤@Ó¤H¤u£k¤¶¤l¡C |
1949 | ¶O¦Ì(Enrico Fermi)©M·¨(C.N. Yang)´£¥X£k¤¶¤l¬O®Ö¤l©M¤Ï®Ö¤lªº²V¦Xµ²ºc¡A²V¦X²É¤lªº·Qªk¬Û·í¦a®Ú¥»¡C. |
1949 | K+ ¸g¥Ñ°IÅܳQµo²{ |
1950 | ¤¤©Êªº£k¤¶¤l³Qµo²{¡C |
1951 | ¦b¦t©z®g½u¤¤µo²{¤F¨âºØ·sªº²É¤lÃþ«¬¡A¥¦Ì¬O¦bÆ[¹îÃþ¦üVªº¸ô®|¤Î««Ø¹q¤¤©Êª«½è®É³Qµo²{¡A¦¹¹q¤¤©Êª«½è¥²»Ý°IÅܲ£¥Í¨âÓ±a¹q¦Ó¯d¤Uy¸ñªºª«½è¡A³o¨Ç²É¤l¦W¬°£f0 ©M K0¡C |
1952 | £_²É¤lªºµo²{¡G¦³¥|Ó¬Û¦üªº²É¤l (£_++, £_+,£_0, ©M £_-.) |
1952 | ®æ¹p·æ(Donald Glaser)µo©ú®ðªw«Ç¡A¥¬¾|§J«¢ªâ¡D¥d´µ°¨¦h(The Brookhaven Cosmotron)¡A¤@¥x1.3 GeVªº¥[³t¾¹¶}©l¹B§@¡C |
1953 | "²É¤l¼@¼W"ªº¶}©l -- ¯u¥¿²É¤lªº¼W¥[. |
1953 - 57 | ¹q¤l´²®g¨ìì¤l®ÖÅã¥Ü½è¤l¡A¬Æ¦Ü¬O¤¤¤l¤¤ªº¹q²ü¤À¥¬±K«×¡A½è¤l©M¤¤¤l¹qºÏµ²ºcªº´yz¨Ï¤HÁp·Q°_³o¨Çª«½è¦³¬YºØ¤º³¡µ²ºc¡A¾¨ºÞ¥¦Ì¤´³Qµø¬°°ò¥»²É¤l¡C |
1954 | ·¨(C.N. Yang)©M¦Ìº¸(Robert Mills)µo®i·sªº²z½×"³W²z½×"¡AÁöµM·í®É¨Ã¤£¤F¸Ñ¡A³oÃþ²z½×²{¦b§Î¦¨¼Ð·Ç²z½×ªº°ò¦¡C |
1957 | ¥v·Å³Ç(Julian Schwinger)¼g¤F¤@½g½×¤å¤¤´£¥X®z§@¥Î¤O©M¹qºÏ§@¥Î¤Oªº²Î¾ã¡C |
1957-59 | ¥v·Å³Ç(Julian Schwinger), ¥¬¾|»X(Sidney Bludman),©M®æ¹p×(Sheldon Glashow)¦b¤£¦Pªº½×¤å¤¤¡A´£¥X©Ò¦³ªº®z§@¥Î¤O³£¬O¥Ñ±a¹qªº«¬Á¦â¤l¡A«á¨ÓºÙ¬° W+©MW-©Ò¥ò¤¶¡A¹ê»Ú¤W¡A¤G¤Q¦~«e´ö¤t¨q¾ðº¥ý°Q½×¨ì¬Á¦â¤lªº¥æ´«¡A¦ý¥L´£¥X£k¤¶¤l¬°®z§@¥Î¤Oªº¥ò¤¶ªÌ¡C |
1961 | ·í¤wª¾²É¤lªº¼Æ¥Ø¤£Â_¼W¥[®É¡A¼Æ¾Çªº¤ÀÃþ¨t²Î²Õ´¤F²É¤l(¸sSU(3))¡AÀ°§Uª«²z¾Ç®a½T»{²É¤lÃþ«¬¡C |
1962 | ¹êÅç½T©w¦³¨âºØ¤£¦PÃþ«¬ªº·L¤¤¤l(¹q¤l©M£g¤¶¤l·L¤¤¤l)¡A³o¬O¸û¦±q²z½×¤W¦Ò¼{ªº±À½×¡C |