(*^ ::[ Information = "This is a Mathematica Notebook file. It contains ASCII text, and can be transferred by email, ftp, or other text-file transfer utility. It should be read or edited using a copy of Mathematica or MathReader. If you received this as email, use your mail application or copy/paste to save everything from the line containing (*^ down to the line containing ^*) into a plain text file. On some systems you may have to give the file a name ending with ".ma" to allow Mathematica to recognize it as a Notebook. 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currentKernel; ] :[font = section; inactive; preserveAspect; startGroup] Example: Dihedral-3 Group :[font = input; preserveAspect] Clear["Global`*"] :[font = subsection; inactive; preserveAspect] Find the matrix representation :[font = input; preserveAspect] id={{ 1, 0} ,{ 0, 1}}; r={{ Cos[th], -Sin[th] } ,{ Sin[th], Cos[th]}} /.{th->2 Pi/3}; f={{-1, 0} ,{ 0, 1}}; :[font = input; preserveAspect; startGroup] r //MatrixForm :[font = output; output; inactive; preserveAspect; endGroup] MatrixForm[{{-1/2, 3^(1/2)/2}, {-3^(1/2)/2, -1/2}}] ;[o] 1 Sqrt[3] -(-) ------- 2 2 -Sqrt[3] 1 -------- -(-) 2 2 :[font = subsection; inactive; preserveAspect; startGroup] a) Find the order of {1,r, r^2 ...} :[font = input; preserveAspect; startGroup] Table[ MatrixPower[r,n] ,{n,0,3}] //N //MatrixForm :[font = output; output; inactive; preserveAspect; fontLeading = 0; endGroup; endGroup] MatrixForm[{{{1., 0}, {0, 1.}}, {{-0.5, -0.8660254037844386468}, {0.8660254037844386468, -0.5}}, {{-0.5, 0.8660254037844386468}, {-0.8660254037844386468, -0.5}}, {{1., 0}, {0, 1.}}}] ;[o] 1. 0 0 1. -0.5 0.866025 -0.866025 -0.5 -0.5 -0.866025 0.866025 -0.5 1. 0 0 1. :[font = subsection; inactive; preserveAspect; startGroup] b) Find the order of {1,f, f^2 ...} :[font = input; preserveAspect; startGroup] Table[ MatrixPower[f,n] ,{n,0,2}] //MatrixForm :[font = output; output; inactive; preserveAspect; fontLeading = 0; endGroup; endGroup] MatrixForm[{{{1, 0}, {0, 1}}, {{-1, 0}, {0, 1}}, {{1, 0}, {0, 1}}}] ;[o] 1 0 0 1 -1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 :[font = subsection; inactive; preserveAspect] d) Combine G1={1,r,r^2} and G2={1,f} :[font = input; preserveAspect] group1={id,r,r.r}; group2={id,f}; :[font = input; preserveAspect; startGroup] Outer[Dot, group1,group2,1] //N[#,3]& //MatrixForm :[font = output; output; inactive; preserveAspect; fontLeading = 0; endGroup] MatrixForm[{{{{1., 0}, {0, 1.}}, {{-1., 0}, {0, 1.}}}, {{{-0.5, -0.8660254037844386468}, {0.8660254037844386468, -0.5}}, {{0.5, -0.8660254037844386468}, {-0.8660254037844386468, -0.5}}}, {{{-0.5, 0.8660254037844386468}, {-0.8660254037844386468, -0.5}}, {{0.5, 0.8660254037844386468}, {0.8660254037844386468, -0.5}}}}] ;[o] 1. 0 -1. 0 0 1. 0 1. -0.5 -0.866 0.5 -0.866 0.866 -0.5 -0.866 -0.5 -0.5 0.866 0.5 0.866 -0.866 -0.5 0.866 -0.5 :[font = subsection; inactive; preserveAspect; startGroup] e) Do r & f commute? :[font = input; preserveAspect; startGroup] r.f //MatrixForm :[font = output; output; inactive; preserveAspect; endGroup] MatrixForm[{{1/2, -3^(1/2)/2}, {-3^(1/2)/2, -1/2}}] ;[o] 1 -Sqrt[3] - -------- 2 2 -Sqrt[3] 1 -------- -(-) 2 2 :[font = input; preserveAspect; startGroup] f.r //MatrixForm :[font = output; output; inactive; preserveAspect; endGroup] MatrixForm[{{1/2, 3^(1/2)/2}, {3^(1/2)/2, -1/2}}] ;[o] 1 Sqrt[3] - ------- 2 2 Sqrt[3] 1 ------- -(-) 2 2 :[font = input; preserveAspect; startGroup] r.f-f.r //MatrixForm :[font = output; output; inactive; preserveAspect; endGroup; endGroup; endGroup] MatrixForm[{{0, -3^(1/2)}, {-3^(1/2), 0}}] ;[o] 0 -Sqrt[3] -Sqrt[3] 0 ^*)